Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed by gynecologists to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the uterus (womb) and the cervix. It involves inserting a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. This procedure allows the gynecologist to directly visualize the inside of the uterus and perform various diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of Hysteroscopy

1. Diagnostic Hysteroscopy:

• Visualization: Allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity to identify abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, adhesions (synechiae), and congenital uterine anomalies.
• Biopsy: Enables the gynecologist to obtain tissue samples (biopsies) from the uterine lining for further evaluation, particularly in cases of abnormal bleeding or suspected uterine cancer.

2. Operative Hysteroscopy:

• Treatment: In addition to diagnosis, hysteroscopy allows for therapeutic procedures to be performed directly within the uterus.
• Removal of Abnormal Tissue: Excision or removal of uterine polyps, fibroids, or adhesions that are causing symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or infertility.
• Septum Resection: Correction of uterine septum (a congenital anomaly where the uterus is divided by a septum) to improve fertility outcomes.
• Endometrial Ablation: Treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding by removing or destroying the uterine lining (endometrium).

Indications for Hysteroscopy

• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Evaluation and treatment of irregular menstrual bleeding, heavy periods (menorrhagia), or postmenopausal bleeding.
• Infertility: Investigation and management of uterine factors contributing to infertility, such as uterine polyps or septum.
• Miscarriage: Assessment of uterine abnormalities that may contribute to recurrent miscarriages.
• Abnormal Pap Smear Follow-Up: Further evaluation of abnormal Pap smear results that suggest uterine abnormalities.
• Uterine Anomalies: Diagnosis and correction of congenital uterine anomalies that affect reproductive outcomes.

Advantages of Hysteroscopy

• Minimally Invasive: Compared to traditional open surgery, hysteroscopy involves smaller incisions or no incisions at all, reducing recovery time and risk of complications.
• Direct Visualization: Provides a direct view of the uterine cavity, allowing for accurate diagnosis and precise treatment of uterine abnormalities.
• Preservation of Uterine Function: Allows for fertility-sparing treatments, particularly important for women seeking to preserve fertility.